Topic 3: Mountains


MOUNTAINS 


Formation and Types

Mountains are elevated landforms created by geological processes such as tectonic plate movements. There are three main types: fold mountains (e.g., the Himalayas), volcanic mountains (e.g., Mount Fuji), and block mountains (e.g., the Sierra Nevada). The Himalayas in Asia are known for their extreme heights and include Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world. The Andes in South America form the longest continental mountain range, extending over 4,000 miles. The Rocky Mountains in North America are known for their rugged terrain.






Erosion and Weathering

Mountains undergo erosion and weathering, which shape their appearance and affect soil fertility. Glaciers, wind, and water contribute to this process. Mountain regions support diverse ecosystems ranging from temperate forests to alpine tundra, with species adapted to varying elevations and climates.


Tourism and Recreation

Mountain regions are popular for activities such as hiking, skiing, and climbing, which contribute to local economies but can also lead to environmental degradation. Mountains can be prone to natural hazards like landslides, avalanches, and volcanic eruptions, which pose risks to nearby communities. Mountains influence local climate and weather patterns and are home to diverse ecosystems. They are also significant in many cultures and religions, often regarded as sacred or symbols of strength and endurance.






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